Behind the Mask: Rethinking High-Functioning Autism and ADHD in Adults
In the conversation surrounding neurodiversity, terms like "high-functioning" autism (ASD) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) are commonly used to categorise individuals who don't fit the stereotypical representations of these neurological conditions. However, this binary classification oversimplifies the complex spectrum of neurodiverse experiences, especially in adults. The question then arises: are individuals really "high-functioning", or are they just mastering the art of masking?
The reality of masking
The term "high-functioning" often refers to neurodiverse adults who can perform certain tasks deemed acceptable by neurotypical societal standards, like maintaining a job, achieving academic success, or managing daily living skills without significant external support. On the surface, this label might sound positive, even complimentary. Yet, it fails to acknowledge the internal struggles these individuals face daily. What others call high functioning can actually be high masking. So let's make sure we are using the term correctly.
Masking involves consciously or unconsciously concealing one's neurodivergent traits to blend into social norms. It's a survival strategy, perfected over the years, aimed at hiding struggles and mimicking neurotypical behaviours to avoid negative judgment or discrimination.
For adults with autism or ADHD, masking can be exhausting, leading to burnout, identity confusion, and mental health issues like anxiety and depression. The constant effort to fit in takes a toll, redirecting immense amounts of energy from self-care and personal growth towards maintaining the façade of normality. This raises a crucial point: if adults need to mask to be considered high-functioning, are we not, as a society, failing to recognise and adapt to the true nature of neurodiversity?
Recognising the effort behind masking is the first step towards creating a more inclusive society. Both adults living with these conditions and those around them, including parents and educators, play a pivotal role in this transition.
What does high functioning actually mean?
When we use the term "high-functioning" correctly, we refer to individuals with ASD and ADHD who can engage within society without it massively impacting their ability to care for themselves or work. While they appear to manage daily life relatively smoothly, they only have maybe one support service. This could involve occasionally seeing a psychologist or an occupational therapist to help cope with certain challenges. Though these individuals may require less frequent interventions, the support they do receive is crucial in enabling them to maintain their independence and contribute effectively to their communities.
Conclusion
The dichotomy of high-functioning vs. low-functioning neurodivergence oversimplifies complex experiences and undermines the challenges faced by adults who are constantly masking to meet societal expectations. By shifting our understanding and creating more inclusive environments, we can help alleviate the need for masking, allowing individuals to live authentically and thrive.
Our collective goal should be to move beyond labels and towards a deeper understanding of neurodiversity. In doing so, we not only honour the individual experiences of adults with autism and ADHD but also enrich our society with diverse perspectives and innovations that neurodivergent individuals bring. It's time to unmask neurodiversity and embrace the full spectrum of human cognition.
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